Accounting Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management’s estimates are based on historical experience, facts and circumstances available at the time, and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates include best estimate of selling price in multiple element arrangements, valuation allowances related to deferred income taxes, self-insurance loss accruals, allowances for doubtful accounts and notes, income tax accruals, acquisition accounting, asset impairments and facilities realignment accruals. The Company periodically reviews these matters and reflects changes in estimates as appropriate. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Through the Company's molecular diagnostics business, the Company aims to provide physicians and patients with diagnostic options for detecting genetic and other molecular alterations that are associated with gastrointestinal and endocrine cancers, which are principally focused on early detection of patients at high risk of cancer. Customers in the Company's molecular diagnostics business consist primarily of physicians, hospitals and clinics. We recognize revenue from services rendered when the following four revenue recognition criteria are met:  persuasive evidence of an arrangement or contract exists; services have been rendered; the selling price is fixed or determinable; and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company’s services are generally fulfilled upon completion of the test and after the review and release of the test results. In conjunction with fulfilling these services, the Company bills the third-party payer or hospital. We recognize revenue on an accrual basis when we are able to make a reasonable estimate of reimbursement at the time delivery is complete. In the first period in which revenue is accrued for a particular payer or test, there generally is a one-time increase in revenue. Until we have contracts with payers or can reasonably estimate the amount that will ultimately be received, we recognize the related revenue on the cash basis. Because the timing and amount of cash payments received from payers as well as one-time increases in revenue from newly accrued payers are difficult to predict, we expect that our revenue may fluctuate significantly in any given quarter.

The Company currently recognizes revenue and accounts receivable related to billings for Medicare and Medicare Advantage, on an accrual basis, net of contractual adjustment, as well as for hospitals (direct-bill clients), when collectability is reasonably assured. Contractual adjustments represent the difference between the list prices and the reimbursement rate set by Medicare and Medicare Advantage, or the amounts billed to hospitals.

Specifically by test, Pancragen revenues have been recorded on the accrual basis in each of these categories since its acquisition in 2014. ThyGenX^® has been recorded on an accrual basis since its Medicare approval in 2015 in two of the payer categories, Medicare and Medicare Advantage, and ThyraMIR, a newer test, approved for Medicare in 2016, has been moved from cash basis to accrual basis in the same categories as ThyGenX^®, Medicare and Medicare Advantage in 2017, effective in the current quarter. The change to the accrual basis for ThyraMIR in these categories in 2017 has resulted in $301,000 of additional revenue recognized in the current quarter, of which $179,000 relates to the current quarter and $122,000 of this amount relates to the quarter ended March 31, 2017.

The Company also provides services by way of commercial insurance carriers or governmental programs that may or may not have a contract or coverage in place for its proprietary tests. As contracts and coverage progress for payers in these categories, the Company will evaluate their collection history to determine the appropriate time to begin to recognized specific payers on the accrual basis as well. Currently, all are recognized on the cash basis. The Company does not enter into direct agreements with patients that commit them to pay any portion of the cost of the tests in the event that their commercial insurance carrier or governmental program does not pay the Company for its services; however, the Company does offer patients that do not have adequate insurance coverage the opportunity to pay cash for our services at a reduced rate.

Accounts Receivable

The Company recognizes Accounts Receivable as revenue is accrued, based upon its criteria for revenue recognition. The Company also records an Allowance for Doubtful Accounts based on the collection history for its accrual basis payers. For non-paying roster accounts, balances are generally written off after twelve months. Medicare and Medicare Advantage accounts are currently written off after eighteen months to allow for the appeal process, which in some cases requires several appeals prior to collection.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016:

Long-Lived Assets, including Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Finite-lived intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization of finite-lived acquired intangible assets is recognized on a straight-line basis, using the estimated useful lives of the assets of approximately two years to nine years in acquisition related amortization expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive loss.

The Company reviews the recoverability of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized by reducing the recorded value of the asset to its fair value measured by future discounted cash flows. This analysis requires estimates of the amount and timing of projected cash flows and, where applicable, judgments associated with, among other factors, the appropriate discount rate. Such estimates are critical in determining whether any impairment charge should be recorded and the amount of such charge if an impairment loss is deemed to be necessary.

Discontinued Operations

The Company accounts for business dispositions and its businesses held for sale in accordance with ASC 205-20, Discontinued Operations. ASC 205-20 requires the results of operations of business dispositions to be segregated from continuing operations and reflected as discontinued operations in current and prior periods. See Note 11, Discontinued Operations for further information.

Basic and Diluted Net (Loss) Income per Share

A reconciliation of the number of shares of common stock used in the calculation of basic and diluted (loss) income per share for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:

The following outstanding stock-based awards were excluded from the computation of the effect of dilutive securities on (loss) income per share for the following periods because they would have been anti-dilutive: