Accounting Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Management’s estimates are based on historical experience, facts and circumstances available at the time, and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates include accounting for valuation allowances related to deferred income taxes, contingent consideration, allowances for doubtful accounts, revenue recognition, unrecognized tax benefits, and asset impairments involving other intangible assets. The Company periodically reviews these matters and reflects changes in estimates in earnings as appropriate. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Our Services

We are a fully integrated commercial and bioinformatics company that develops and provides clinically useful molecular diagnostic tests and pathology services. We develop and commercialize genomic tests and related first line assays principally focused on early detection of patients with indeterminate biopsies and at high risk of cancer using the latest technology to help personalized medicine and improve patient diagnosis and management. Our tests and services provide mutational analysis of genomic material contained in suspicious cysts, nodules and lesions with the goal of better informing treatment decisions in patients at risk of thyroid, pancreatic, and other cancers. The molecular diagnostic tests we offer enable healthcare providers to better assess cancer risk, helping to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment in patients at low risk. We currently have four commercialized molecular diagnostic tests in the marketplace for which we are receiving reimbursement: PancraGEN^®, which is a pancreatic cyst and pancreaticobiliary solid lesion genomic test that helps physicians better assess risk of pancreaticobiliary cancers using our proprietary PathFinderTG^® platform; ThyGeNEXT^®, which is an expanded oncogenic mutation panel that helps identify malignant thyroid nodules, and replaced ThyGenX^®; ThyraMIR^®, which assesses thyroid nodules for risk of malignancy utilizing a proprietary microRNA gene expression assay; and RespriDx^®, which is a genomic test that helps physicians differentiate metastatic or recurrent lung cancer from the presence of newly formed primary lung cancer and which also utilizes our PathFinderTG^® platform to compare the genomic fingerprint of two or more sites of lung cancer. BarreGEN^®, an esophageal cancer risk classifier for Barrett’s Esophagus that also utilizes our PathFinder TG^® platform, is currently in a Clinical Evaluation Program or (“CEP”) whereby we gather information from physicians using BarreGEN^® to assist us in positioning our product for full launch, partnering and potentially supporting reimbursement with payers.

Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606)

The Company derives its revenues from the performance of its proprietary tests. The Company’s performance obligation is fulfilled upon completion, review and release of test results to the customer. The Company subsequently bills third-party payers or direct-bill payers for the proprietary tests performed. Revenue is recognized based on the estimated transaction price or net realizable value (“NRV”), which is determined based on historical collection rates by each payer category for each proprietary test offered by the Company. To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, for all third party and direct-bill payers and proprietary tests, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price using the expected value method based on historical experience.

The Company regularly reviews the ultimate amounts received from the third-party and direct-bill payers and related estimated reimbursement rates and adjusts the NRV’s and related contractual allowances accordingly. If actual collections and related NRV’s vary significantly from our estimates, we will adjust the estimates of contractual allowances, which would affect net revenue in the period such variances become known.

Disaggregated Revenues

We operate in a single operating segment and, therefore, the results of our operations are reported on a consolidated basis for purposes of segment reporting, which is consistent with internal management reporting. For the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, substantially all of the Company’s revenues were derived from its Gastrointestinal and Endocrine molecular diagnostic tests.

Financing and Payment

For non-Medicare claims, our payment terms vary by payer category. Payment terms for direct-payers are typically thirty days. Commercial third-party-payers are required to respond to a claim within a time period established by their respective state regulations, generally between thirty to sixty days. However, payment for commercial third-party claims may be subject to a denial and appeal process, which could take up to two years in some instances where multiple appeals are submitted. The Company generally appeals all denials from commercial third-party payers.

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Customer Contract

Sales commissions are expensed when incurred because the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs are recorded in sales and marketing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Accounts Receivable

The Company’s accounts receivable represent unconditional rights to consideration and are generated using its proprietary molecular diagnostic tests. The Company’s services are fulfilled upon completion of the test, review and release of the test results. In conjunction with fulfilling these services, the Company bills the third-party payer or directly bills the hospital or service provider. Accounts receivable is recognized for all payer groups net of contractual adjustment and net of estimated uncollectable amounts. Contractual adjustments represent the difference between the list prices and the reimbursement rate set by third party payers, including Medicare, commercial payers, or amounts billed directly to hospitals and service providers. Specific accounts may be written off after several appeals, which in some cases may take longer than twelve months.

Leases

The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease in whole or in part at the inception of the contract. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term while lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. All leases with terms greater than twelve months result in the recognition of a ROU asset and a liability at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. Unless a lease provides all of the information required to determine the implicit interest rate, we use our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. We use the implicit interest rate in the lease when readily determinable.

Our lease terms include all non-cancelable periods and may include options to extend (or to not terminate) the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. Leases with terms of twelve months or less at the commencement date are expensed on a straight-line basis over the lease term and do not result in the recognition of an asset or liability. See Note 6, Leases.

Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

Long-Lived Assets, including Finite-Lived Intangible Assets

Finite-lived intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization of finite-lived acquired intangible assets is recognized on a straight-line basis, using the estimated useful lives of the assets of approximately two years to nine years in acquisition related amortization expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company reviews the recoverability of long-lived assets and finite-lived intangible assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized by reducing the recorded value of the asset to its fair value measured by future discounted cash flows. This analysis requires estimates of the amount and timing of projected cash flows and, where applicable, judgments associated with, among other factors, the appropriate discount rate. Such estimates are critical in determining whether any impairment charge should be recorded and the amount of such charge if an impairment loss is deemed to be necessary.

Discontinued Operations

The Company accounts for business dispositions and its businesses held for sale in accordance with ASC 205-20, Discontinued Operations (“ASC 205-20”). ASC 205-20 requires the results of operations of business dispositions to be segregated from continuing operations and reflected as discontinued operations in current and prior periods. See Note 12, Discontinued Operations for further information.

Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Share

A reconciliation of the number of shares of common stock used in the calculation of basic and diluted loss per share for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 is as follows:

The following outstanding stock-based awards were excluded from the computation of the effect of dilutive securities on loss per share for the following periods because they would have been anti-dilutive: